Crop breeding is, and the purpose is suppose to serve. Sustainable breeding should emphasize the search, characterization and introgression of several cytoplasmic types in order to prevent harmful effects associated to uniformity (Kubo et al. Plant Breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. Almost all important entrance exams related with agriculture include topics from plant breeding and genetics in syllabus. The first module which is on crop genetics and breeding will introduce you to the concept of what: a. ADVERTISEMENTS: Plant breeding has been crucial in increasing production of crops to meet the ever increasing demand for food. Broadly, participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the development of a plant breeding program in collaboration between breeders and farmers, marketers, processors, consumers, and policy makers (food security, health and nutrition, employment)(Ceccarelli, 2012). Breeding objectives 1. a) Mutation Breeding b) Conventional Plant Breeding c) Hybridisation d) Biofortification Answer: d Clarification: Biofortification is breeding of crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Plant breeding is done for the following objectives – 1. Breeding in Wheat, Maize and SorghumMarker-Assisted Plant Breeding: ... breeding objectives and strategies with key-note papers on: Objectives and benefits of molecular breeding, Linkage/physical mapping and map-based cloning, QTL analysis and … plant Breeding. Climate change – becoming unpredictable weather patterns – challenging for breeder. But scientists are now able to grow Maize as rabi and zaid crops. Resistance to diseases like fusarium wilt, rots etc., 6. Index SN Lecture Page No Lec 01 Aims and objectives of Plant Breeding 1-5 Lec 02 Modes of Reproduction 6-10 Lec 03 Apomixis – classification and significance in plant breeding 11-16 Lec 04 Modes of Pollination 17-21 Lec 05 Classification of plants 22-24 Lec 06 Botanical description and floral biology 25-29 Lec 07 Maize - Zea mays (2n - 20) 30-33 developing hybrid varieties of Jawar, Maize, Bajara, etc. (berseem, sorghum, maize etc.) Today, it is the most common method of crop improvement, and the vast majority of crop varieties have resulted from hybridization. This requires basic knowledge on classical breeding methods and an understanding on molecular breeding. A breeder targeting culinary traits must carry out selections quite differently than … Application of this breeding strategy has been used for different crops and with different objectives, such as breeding for heading date in rice or seed length in soybean . Varieties Suited to Particular Soils and Climates: All crops cannot be cultivated in all types of … Modern innovative approaches- somatic Hybridization, transgenic breeding and marker assisted selection. Better plant type 5. Its objectives are to improve yield, quality, disease-resistance, drought and frost-tolerance and important characteristics of the crops. Breeding programs in the developed world are highly mechanised and employ the latest bulk-handling techniques (Figure 4.1). 1–8 % of mature se ed dry weight and accounts. Varietial hybridization as a maize breeding method did not gain popularity. The main reason for this is difficulty in getting superior segregants. 2. Breeding for pest and disease resistance : Shoot fly, Stem borer, Heliothis are major pests. Mexican varieties are resistant. Project Methods Objective 1. e.g. Molecular Breeding Platform Relationship with ICIS Graham McLaren ICIS Developers’ Workshop March 2nd 2010, Perth, Australia 2 INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO RICE BREEDING and Sweden during 1945-75. The USA is the top maize producer followed by China, contributing 34% and 22% of world maize production. This is achieved by developing more efficient genotypes. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because of its highest genetic yield potential. over a wide range of environmental conditions. But scientists are now able to grow Maize as rabi and zaid crops. A brief account of some important objectives are- 1. D-myo-inositol, hexakisphosphate, commonly. Mock and Pearce 1st gave ideotype of maize. Its aims to improve the various characteristics of plants so that they become more desirable agronomically Current approaches – setting broad (biological) objectives . Varieties for New Seasons: Traditionally Maize is a kharif crop. Key words: maize, responses to selection, genetic variances, genetic correlations. Breeding Objectives : •1.Yield- • Complex character controled by ploygenes. The basic aim of PPB & PVS is to ensure that crop research is relevant to farmers’ needs.. PPB. Heterosis is a term used in genetics and breeding and is also known as hybrid vigor. Builta “community of practice” of some 400 crop improvement professionals in Africa introduced to the principles of demand led breeding through 20 training workshops conducted during 2015-17. D-myo-inositol, hexakisphosphate, commonly. Mutation breeding is the breeding by mutation using chemicals or radiations (e.g. Objectives of pre -breeding It is generally taken up with the following breeding objectives. Early maturity. ISBN 9780408106139, 9781483192369 Varieties for New Seasons: Traditionally maize is a kharif crop. Year 2005 2001 1997 1993 1989 1985 1981 1977 1973 1969 1965 1961 FAOSTAT 2008 Production Breeding Objectives. Some well known achievements are development of semi-dwarf wheat and rice varieties, noblization of Indian … • It is world’s most widely cultured crop occupying 22% cultivated areas. This book will be an indispensible guide and immensely helpful for JRF, Objectives of Plant Breeding 1. 5) Breeding for resistance to disease and logging. Unfortunately, most staple food and legume crops are self-pollinated. Project objectives have to be logically interlinked with the planned activities, outputs and expected outcomes. ... Provitamin A maize breeding is led by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Theory Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds; fibres; fodders and … Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is a cyclical breeding procedure designed to improve the cross of two populations from different heterotic groups by using both general and specific combining ability. Adaptability and stability of yield 3. Ute Achenbach Summer, 2008 Course Objectives Comprehend and be able to discuss how breeders meet their breeding goals today as opposed to several decades ago. Abstract: Genetic engineering has been utilized to improve the function of various metabolic and functional processes within an organism of interest. Increase in tolerance to abiotic stress. 53. Selection of parents Normal practice is, the female parent will be a locally adapted one in which we can bring in the plus genes. Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. An efficient and productive breeding program will draw on these disciplines and use the latest proven technology. PowerPoint Presentation New professional development programs for mid-career breeders working in crop improvement programs in Africa. Improved varieties are developed through plant breeding. Its objectives are to improve yield, quality, disease-resistance, drought and frost-tolerance and important characteristics of the crops. Plant breeding has been crucial in increasing production of crops to meet the ever increasing demand for food. Improved germplasm and associated genetic knowledge that enhance resistance expression and diversity. Breeding Objectives in Wheat: In wheat, the major breeding objectives include, higher grain yield, wider adaptation, better quality, early maturity, resistance to biotic (diseases and insects) and abiotic (drought, salinity, lodging etc.) The objective of this paper is to review and discuss the application of genetic engineering in plant breeding for biotic stress resistance. Winter hardiness and tolerance to drought and heat are important breeding goals. Abstract: Biofortification, the process of breeding nutrients into food crops, provides a comparatively cost-effective, sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more ... content as a legitimate breeding objective. 14. Pumpkins have the genetic capacity to express a wide range of qualities, so there exists the potential of fulfilling many different niche markets. However, PPB may be more than simply complementary to conventional breeding programmes, because it proposes a different structuring of priorities, objectives and processes. (By contrast, a variety developed by mass selection is made up of genotypes bulked together without having … 14. supporting the national breeding programmes in rice, wheat and maize Expected output: The regular DH protocols will be fine tuned by removal of specific rate limiting bottle necks. Spatial analyses can correct spatial trends, which allow for an increase in selective accuracy. Plant breeding started with primitive people saving seed to plant in succeeding years. Figure 4.1 The central nature of plant breeding 10. Diverse Groups of Maize Inbreds (Zea mays L.) ... conditions with respect to the breeding objectives is the most limiting factor for running genomic selection and that it is also a key factor that needs to be optimized, with the con-straint of a … double-cross hybrid. Mendel onward, the hybridization had become the key method of crop improvement. Breeding for pest and disease resistance : Shoot fly, Stem borer, Heliothis are major pests. CRP 305 – Crop genetics and breeding consists of five major components arranged in modules. The first module which is on crop genetics and breeding will introduce you to the concept of what: a. 3. Improvement curves for grain yield per hectare of wheat in Mexico ( r = 0.97***) for Mexican winter-sown spring wheat, 102 kg/ha ( r = 0.88***) for Swedish winter wheat, and 89 kg/ha ( r = 0.89***) for Swedish spring wheat. 2. 1. Varieties for New Seasons: Traditionally Maize is a kharif crop. Resistance to abiotic stresses 9. Recurrent selection 1st year 2nd year 3rd year planted 4th year - Superior phenotypes are selected 1926, Wallace’s backyard maize breeding experiments led to the birth of the Hi-Bred Corn Company, the first company to develop, produce and market hybrid maize. Although, students have to give importance to subjects like agronomy, horticulture, entomology, soil science etc. Breeding objectives and requirements for producing transgenics for major field crops of India ... maize, sorghum, pearl- with the objectives identified at the national level and the millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, mungbean, cotton, potato, findings are highlighted in … Scoring good marks from this subject help in cracking the exam with very good rank. Increased yield Majority of our breeding programmes aims at increased yield. Share yours for free! Biofortification is the process of developing micronutrients – rich food crops using the best conventional breeding practices or via genetic modification using modern biotechnology. - Narrow germplasm and lack of varieties - Seed unavailability - Reliance on green fodder and crop residues only ... Alfalfa breeding objectives . plant breeding - plant breeding - Synthetic varieties: A synthetic variety is developed by intercrossing a number of genotypes of known superior combining ability—i.e., genotypes that are known to give superior hybrid performance when crossed in all combinations. Introduction. In wheat, the major breeding objectives include, higher grain yield, wider adaptation, better quality, early maturity, resistance to biotic (diseases and insects) and abiotic (drought, salinity, lodging etc.) factors. Genetic diversity is the base for survival of plants in nature and for crop improvement. Plant Breeding and Applied Genetics. Higher yield; Improved quality; Diseases and insect resistance; Change in maturity duration; Agronomic characteristics (2). 2. For instance in maize, open pollinated varieties (OPVs) are landrace populations of heterozygous individuals cultivated before the hybrid maize breeding revolution in the 1950’s [7, 68]. It aims at improving the genetic makeup of the crop plants. Average annual increase was 97 kg/ha 1. Improved varieties are developed through plant breeding. The objective of this experiment was to study the possibility to exploit both phenomena in creating the base population materials to form new superior maize variety candidate. Mutation breeding programme should be clearly planned and should be large enough with sufficient facilities to screen large population. The trials consisted of 78 inter … View Notes - Lecture 3_Maize_Breeding_2013(1) from CPSC 116 at University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign. In India, about 28% of maize produced is used for food purpose, about 11% as livestock feed, 48% as poultry feed, 12% in wet milling industry (for example starch and oil production) and 1% … over a wide range of environmental conditions. 14. However, the Indian Maize yields are significantly below the yields in benchmark countries. CRP 305 – Crop genetics and breeding consists of five major components arranged in modules. Similarly, mung is grown as a summer crop in addition to the main kharif crop. Seed Production T echnology 115. Objectives of the programme: Ø Mutation breeding should have well defined and clear cut objectives. Heredity describes how some traits are passed from parents to their children. Improved Quality: It is the most practical means to improve public health. Objectives are not possible then for comment has definitely some breeding plant lecture ppt. Many are downloadable. In all mating designs, the individuals are taken randomly and crossed to produce progenies which are related to each other as half-sibs or full-sibs. Higher Yield: Higher yield of grain, fodder, fibre, sugar, oil etc. High yield (more bolls, bigger bolls and high lint percentage) 2. Maize was domesticated from teosinte in Mexico some 7,000 to 10,000 years ago and quickly spread through the Americas. 3) To breed fertilize responsive varieties. Similarly, mung is grown as a summer crop These markets were worth £466 million per annum in 2009. Plant Genetic Resources and Their Utilization in Crop Improvement Authors: Vikas Gupta, Satish Kumar, Chandra Nath Mishra and Raj Pal Meena Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana The plant genetic resources (PGR) significantly contributed towards achieving the global objectives of food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable … Hybrid varieties The outstanding example of the exploitation of hybrid vigour through the use of F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn (maize). Breeding Objective: 1) To develop high yielding hybrids and composite having various maturity duration. known as PA, InsP6, or IP6, co nstitut es up to. Resistance to lodging and shattering 5. Get ideas for your own presentations. ii By developing low GN varieties, plant breeders have helped to safeguard one of the UK’s largest whisky export markets – USA and Canada – from future regulatory change. Introduction • Wheat is a staple crop for a significant proportion of the world’s population. Breeding Goals and Objectives . This requires basic knowledge on classical breeding methods and an understanding on molecular breeding. Requirements of Seed Production 118. The bonus from heterosis should be approximately 5% for production … This is achieved by a good balance between yield and yield-stabilising properties such as standability, stress tolerance and plant health. 54. Some of the wild species utilised in breeding programme are Oryza perennis - Co 31 GEB 24 x O. perennis Oryza nivara - IR 34 One of the parents is O.nivara resistant to grassy stunt disease. Breeding objectives are decided by problem faced by farmers. Superior fibre quality 4. Reduce genetic uniformity in crops through the use of a wider pool of genetic material to increase yield, resistance to pests and The second objective was to discuss the requirements necessary to establish a viable DH breeding program in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. involves close collaboration between scientific researchers and farmers as equal partners throughout the R&D cycle: identifying breeding objectives, selecting parent lines, breeding experimental materials, and evaluating these materials (this is known as participatory … Crop breeding is, and the purpose is suppose to serve. b) ... Four hybrids of maize i.e. Steps in mutation breeding: (1). The development of new restorer strains is somewhat indirect. Plant Breeding and Applied Genetics Ute Achenbach Summer, 2008 Course Objectives Comprehend and be able to discuss how breeders meet their breeding goals today as opposed to several decades ago. Selection of the varieties for mutagen treatment: 5 CLASSIFICATION 6 BREEDING OBJECTIVES. 6’7 &8 Major Specific Breeding objective, Conventional Breeding methods- Introduction, Mass selection, pure line selection, Pedigree method, Bulk method and backcross method along with examples of varieties. Setting breeding goals and objectives . To achieve the objective of providing quality seeds to farmers, requires capacity building in seed production technology, marketing, business management and other elements that require the involvement of key stakeholders and strategic partners. Its objectives are to improve yield, quality, disease-resistance, drought and frost-tolerance and important characteristics of the crops. Plant breeding has been crucial in increasing production of crops to meet the ever increasing demand for food. Maize is the third most important food grain in India after wheat and rice. 20 Attention is to be paid to have ideal plant type. Preface This book is specifically written for the undergraduate and Post Graduate Students following the same syllabus of State Agricultural Universities and ICAR Institutes . 52. CROP. Purchase Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance - 1st Edition. CHICKPEA 1 2 GEOGRAPHICAL 3 DISTRIBUTION BOTANY 4. Plant cell concepts, gene symbols which will help you to understand Mendel‟s experiments and Plant breeding has been crucial in increasing production of crops to meet the ever increasing demand for food. Plant breeding is a method of altering the geneticpattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. Plant Breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Example; maize. b. Melchinger, C.F. E.g. important objective in plant breeding because it helps in stabilizing the crop production over regions and seasons. Introduction Maize - second mandate cereal in Myanmar after rice Mainly utilized in poultry and livestock feed industries Also used as human food and the surplus is exported for foreign exchange earning Hybrid maize research activities are conducted with the primary aim of boosting maize productivity and production in Myanmar to meet and overcome the export … This calls for developing an integrated value chain plan for Indian Maize sector, focusing on clear objective of doubling productivity of Indian Maize in selected states. It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant. Jawar, but dominant genes governing male sterility are also known eg: Safflower, farmers have been altering the genetic makeup of the crops they grow. The choice of a mating design for estimating genetic variances should be dictated by the objectives of the study, time, space, cost and other biological limitations. . 2) To breed varieties for high grain and fodder yield. Hybrid varieties of maize (Zeamays), Sorghum, (S.bicolar), bajara ( P. amercanum), etc. 1. Longin, H.F. Utz, J.C. Reif Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany melchinger@uni-hohenheim.de Background and Objective: “Xenia and metaxenia” in maize (Zea mays L.) are phenomena that potentially exploited in creating promising new maize superior variety in short time. known as PA, InsP6, or IP6, co nstitut es up to. gamma rays) to produce plants with desirable characters. 1. 7 BREEDING METHODS 8 9 INTRODUCTION PULSE PRODUCTION IN INDIA 50 46 India is the largest producer (25% of global 45 production), consumer (27% of world 40 consumption) and importer (14%) of pulses 35 in … The following objectives of plant breeding are, objective of plant breeding. Determine culturally relevant breeding objectives. Beginning in fall 2013 and going through December, a survey (survey monkey and a short paper form) will be passed to Tribal Colleges and Reservation Extension programs in North Dakota and Montana (United Tribes Technical College, Turtle Mountain Community College, Fort Berthold … Adaptability is an important objective in plant breeding because it helps in stabilizing the crop production over regions and seasons. As the name implies, producing a double-cross hybrid requires two stages of crossing involving two pairs of inbreds (see diagram below). Objective Based on the requirement, set your objective. The objectives of plant breeding differ from crop to crop. ‘Biofortification’, or the improvement of nutritional Spatial trends represent an obstacle to genetic evaluation in maize breeding. The objectives may be a) Crop improvement b) Improved agronomic characters c) Resistance against biotic and abiotic stress 1. Project objectives have to fit in the thematic focus of the call and ultimately contribute to food security and poverty alleviation. the type of hybrid that is produced when two different single-cross hybrids are cross-pollinated. Fundamentals of Genetics and Plant Breeding. Due to the highly successful use of doubled haploid (DH) technology in maize DHs have been researched and developed for use in several crops with varying rates of success. The objective of this study was to compare the spatial (SPA) and non-spatial (NSPA) models in diallel multi-environment trial analyses in maize breeding. Maize ( Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading crop and is widely cultivated as cereal grain that was domesticated in Central America. Examples of adoption/non-adoption of new varieties. High yield potential 2. Closing the gap . It is one of the most versatile emerging crops having wider adaptability. Some of the objectives may be summarized as follows. Refining current approaches – more input from clients . product lines to include other crops such as maize, cassava, beans and sweet potatoes. factors. Yield : Complex character controlled by polygenes. breeding to simply be a more effective or efficient way to do plant breeding. ... PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: For maize varietal hybridization is not popular as difficulty in getting superior segregants. Objectives of Plant Breeding:- The prime objective of plant breeding is to develop superior plants over the existing ones in relation to their economic use. If it is resistance breeding one of the parents must be a donor. 1. BREEDING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. The classical examples are utilization of Dee Gee Woo Gen in rice and Norin10 in wheat. 4) Breeding for wider adaptability to soil and climate. Development of disease resistance is the example of combination breeding. By Md. Some of the main objectives of plant breeding may be summarised as follows. Print Book & E-Book. However, India remained among the top 10 producers of maize in the World since 1961 and presently ranks 7 th with annual output of 28 million MT. Objective: The main objective of hybridization is to create genetic variation. This procedure has also been used in patent applications; as an example, ‘breeding by design’ has been reported as part of the development of higher quality maize varieties. Two types, Northern Flint corn and Southern Dent corns provided the basis of the genetic background of modern maize hybrids. The main objective is a high, stable yield. But scientists are now able to grow maize as rabi and zaid crops. Plant cell concepts, gene symbols which will help you to understand Mendel‟s experiments and Similarly, mung is grown as a summer crop in Heterosis is an additional gain above the average genetic level of the two parent breeds. 2. Prasanna: Maize in the Developing World: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities More than 85% of the maize produced worldwide is used directly for food and feed; therefore, enhancing the nutritional quality of maize is an important breeding objective. Plant breeding is a science based on principles of genetics and cytogenetics. The difference in Maize yield between India and world is 130%- which is alarming. 1–8 % of mature se ed dry weight and accounts. statisticians, and computer scientists. Such plants are selected and multiplied directly or used as a source in breeding. 4. ... Maize Breeding T echniques 113. ix . Its objectives are to improve yield, quality, disease-resistance, drought and frost-tolerance and important characteristics of the crops. 9. The company eventually became known as Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Now a DuPont subsidiary, Pioneer is the world’s leading developer Combination Breeding: The transfer of one or more characters from other varieties into a single variety is known as combination breeding. ... Heterosis or hybrid vigor enhances crop yield. In the process, most of our major crops, such as maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and many others, were domesticated. View Maize Breeding PPTs online, safely and virus-free! The objectives and outputs have to be feasible in terms of duration and resources requested. • Wheat is rich in carbohydrates, protein and essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamins B and E, calcium and iron, as well as fibre. Systematic crop improvement is integrated into farmers’ practices and is shaped by the context. Resistance to insects like boll worms, Jassids, Thrips etc., 7. Learn new and interesting things. It has become one of the most important crops at a local and global level. b. Varietial hybridization as a maize breeding method did not gain popularity. This will improve the efficacy of the existing systems. 2011, Kumar 2014, Saxena and Hingame 2015). Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploid lines: quantitative genetic and selection theory for optimum allocation of resources A.E. IMPROVEMENT II ASSIGNMENT. It aims at improving the genetic make up of the crop plants. Early maturity 3. Since 2005, India ranks 4 th in terms of area with 9.2 million ha land under maize. The efforts of plant breeders have helped to safeguard the UK malting industry which exists in a highly competitive market with UK turnover of £511 … Because based on the objective only the selection of parents is done. Attention paid to have ideal plant type. The main reason for this is difficulty in getting superior segregants. Mahfuz Ur Rahman Email: 12109085@iubat.edu fGenetics Genetics can be defined as the study of heredity, the process in which a parent passes certain genes onto their offspring. Higher Yields: Most of the breeding programmes aim at higher crop yield. Adaptability is an important objective in plant breeding because it helps in stabilizing the crop production over regions and seasons. 3. Hybridization was first of all practically utilized in crop improvement by German botanist Joseph Koerauter in 1760. Crop Improvement – I (Kharif) 2(1+1) Objective:- This subject aims to know about techniques which is used to improve crop and study about hybrids and varieties for yield &how to improve it To know about the Major breeding objectives and procedures. […] This is achieved by developing more efficient genotypes. Objectives of Plant Breeding The prime aim of plant breeding is to improve the characteristics of plants that they become more useful automatically and economically. Diversity in plant genetic resources provides opportunity for plant breeders to develop new and improved cultivars with desirable characteristics, which include both farmer-preferred traits (high yield potential, large seed, etc.)
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Projekt i realizacja: program theory in monitoring and evaluation
