To augment and broaden the body of evidence in the AHRQ report, the AUA conducted supplementary searches for Performs brief visual assessments. Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center . Dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in the increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis. to nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney injury.8,9 Long term parenteral support (PS) can replace electrolyte losses and prevent dehydration, but it is associated with serious risks such as infection INTRODUCTION Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disorder characterized by malabsorption and dehydration after extensive surgical resection 4. The primary source of evidence for this guideline was the systematic review and data extraction conducted as part of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Comparative Effectiveness Review titled Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness of Preventative Medical Strategies (2012). Nephrolithiasis treatment guidelines Once the highest weight has been reached using the rear-facing seat, they should continue riding rear facing in a convertible seat. 2000 Nov. 27(4):617 … Use of and Regional Variation in Initial CT Imaging for Kidney Stones. Update Article Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in nephrolithiasis. EAU Guidelines on Interventional Treatment for Urolithiasis Eur Urol. Other medical conditions such as primary hyperparathyroidism, Crohn’s disease, gout, diabetes and 1.3 Purpose The purpose of this guideline is to describe to provide a standardised approach to the management of paediatric renal stones and nephrocalcinosis. Hyper calcuric patients in conjunction with thiazides. Help shape KDOQI. Bas Clinical Guideline Nephrolithiasis Pediatric ED! GENERAL TRIAGE GUIDELINES The triage nurse should have rapid access or be in view of the registration and waiting areas at all times. Published by IDSA, 11/22/2021 A focus on AmpC β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales, Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections. Ramakumar S, Segura JW. European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Guideline] Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Lingeman JE, Nakada SY, Pearle MS, Wolf JS Jr. Chapter 1: AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. We attempted that the third clinical guideline was considered to be appropriate for recent clinical practices for NS in Japan. Nephrolithiasis resultsin at least 1.2 million emergency department visits in the United States annually and 41,000 surgical interventions.2,3 The estimated cost of kidney stones in 2007 was $3.8 billion with a projected further increase in cost … While LD-NCCT is the imaging modal-ity of choice during the initial presentation, Goldstone and Bushnell reported that repeat CT imaging of known nephrolithiasis changed the diagnosis in only a small per-centage of patients[11]. Prevent Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians (2014) Clinical Practice Guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on the comparative effectiveness and safety of preventive dietary and pharmacologic management of recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults. disease.17,18 Nephrolithiasis also may lead to hospitalizations and procedure-related morbidity. Update on Nephrolithiasis: Core Curriculum 2016Epidemiology of Kidney Stones. Kidney stones are a common and increasing problem worldwide. ...Clinical Features. ...Mechanisms of Stone Formation. ...Calcium Nephrolithiasis. ...Calcium Phosphate Stones and Distal RTA. ...Uric Acid Stones. ...Infection Stones. ...Cystinuria. ...Associated Conditions and Complications of Nephrolithiasis. ...Acknowledgements. ...More items... Patients with the following conditions are included: 1. nephrolithiasis. 3. The European Association of Urology (EAU) Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel has prepared these guidelines to help urologists assess evidence-based management of stones/calculi in the urinary tract and incorporate recommendations into … Most recent event/diagnosis : 5 or more years ago. 3308.mp3. – Symptoms arise when calculi cause partial or complete obstruction and/or infection: • Intermittent, acute flank to pelvic pain (renal colic). 2009 Nov;182(5):2330-3. Department of Veterans Affairs . Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a common condition, typically affecting adult men more commonly than adult women, although this difference is narrowing. Kidney stone disease (KSD) or nephrolithiasis (NL), is a serious clinical concern that gradually poses threat to global health and economy. A family history of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) puts one at a 2.5 times higher risk for stone formation. 5. Multiple risk … The focus of this work is treatment of women with acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis, diagnoses limited in these guidelines to premenopausal, non-pregnant women with no known urological abnormalities or co-morbidities. Department of Urology, Klinikum Sindelfingen-Böblingen, University of Tübingen, Arthur-Gruber-Strasse 70, 71065 Sindelfingen, Germany. Pediatric nephrolithiasis. QUALIFYING STATEMENTS . Tel. Calculi (stones) in the kidney. 2014;161(9):659–667. [Guideline] Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Lingeman JE, Nakada SY, Pearle MS, Wolf JS Jr. Chapter 1: AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Download. J Urol. Please consider an infectious disease (ID) or urology consult as appropriate. Current studies estimate the prevalence of renal stones in the United States (US) populace, 7.1%. pdf/nephrolithiasis-pathway.pdf. Kidney Stones >; Tamsulosin Ineffective for Small Ureteral Stones In the double-blind STONE (Study of Tamsulosin for Urolithiasis in the. Whether a stone will pass or not is dependent on the size and location of the stone. Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Ramakumar S, Segura JW. 3. We aimed to review and quantify the associations between lifestyle factors and incident nephrolithiasis and suggest lifestyle changes for the primary prevention of nephrolithiasis. The incidence and prevalence of nephrolithiasis among adults in the USA have been increasing for 30 years. Calculi (stones) in the kidney. 2. Direct medical expenditures for nephrolithiasis in the United States have been estimated at $2.1 billion annually.1 Laboratory Evaluation of Nephrolithiasis Clinical guidelines recommend laboratory evaluation of patients who experience a kidney stone. So können Sie Helicobacter Pylori auf natürlichem Weg bekämpfen Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a common condition, typically affecting adult men more commonly than adult women, although this difference is narrowing.Patients typically present with acute renal colic, although some patients are asymptomatic. Print. Print. •Tasian GE, et.al. J Urol. pdf/nephrolithiasis-pathway.pdf. mechanisms. Due to the potential … DISEASE/CONDITION EVALUATION DATA DISPOSITION A. Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. The Guidelines do not address coverage, benefit or other plan specific issues. As for their previous CPGs, the ACP CPG committee conducted a systematic review to prepare this guidance. 2005 Jun. Renal stones are formed within the kidneys, and this is called nephrolithiasis. Of the 47,418 men with no history of nephrolithiasis prior to 1986, 10,428 (21.9%) reported a diagnosis of hypertension. Aims and scope. Eighteen percent had an initial misdiagnosis of nephrolithiasis.All were older than 60 years and none had a prior history of renal calculi.Eighty percent had a pulsatile mass noted by at least one examiner.Forty-three percent had microhematuria on urinalysis.More items... 173(6):1991-2000. Materials and Methods: The primary source of evidence for this guideline was the systematic review conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults. Changing Trends in the Treatment of Nephrolithiasis in the Real World Kyung Jin Chung, MD, PhD,1,2 Jae Heon Kim, MD, PhD,1 Gyeong Eun Min, MD, PhD,1 Hyoung Keun Park, MD, PhD,1 Shufeng Li, MS,1,3 Francesco Del Giudice, MD,4 Deok Hyun Han, MD, PhD,1,5 and Benjamin I. Chung, MD1 Abstract Medical evaluation and treatment of nephrolithiasis. Evaluation for Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia [D] All patients: consider calcium, alkaline phosphatase, renal function, liver function tests, TSH, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D. NS guideline examined the contents of the KDIGO guideline as an important reference and re-evaluated Japanese treatment strategy in the past and the contents of previous guidelines already published in our country. Expert Opinion – Our expert opinion is based on … 2014 Nov;134(5):909-915. Coverage of guidelines from other organizations does not imply endorse- ... nephrolithiasis, treatment with thiazide, citrate, or allopurinol is … Ann Intern Med. FLOMAX NEPHROLITHIASIS PDF. Eisner BH, Eisenberg ML, Stoller ML. Incident Nephrolithiasis According to Baseline Hypertension. Use of some antiretroviral (ARV) drugs may cause nephrolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis has historically been considered as a common, painful, but isolated condition. •Tasian GE et al. Dietary and pharmacologic management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Greets client and family in a warm empathetic manner. Hypo citraturic nephrolithiasis of any etiology. No ongoing treatment or surveillance needed. Reported breast symptoms in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. The issues of in vitro resistance prevalence and the ecological adverse effects of antimicrobial therapy (collateral damage) … Guideline – Recommendation is from a published guideline that used methodology deemed acceptable by the team. Keywords nephrolithiasis, kidney calculi, ureteric calculi, guideline Introduction Acute flank pain is a common presenting symptom, with nephrolithiasis being the most frequent aetiology [1]. It is less common be- This guideline is based on a systematic evidence review Efforts to prevent the recurrence of nephrolithiasis tar- (5) that addressed the following key questions in adults get decreasing concentrations of the lithogenic factors (for with a history of nephrolithiasis: example, calcium and oxalate) and increasing the concen- 1. Multiple risk … Guideline – Recommendation is from a published guideline that used methodology deemed acceptable by the team. citrate therapy to patients with recurrent calcium stones and low or relatively low urinary citrate [26]. Nephrolithiasis is a major health problem with a worldwide prevalence of between 2% and 20%.1-3According to epidemiological data, over the last decades the incidence of nephrolithiasis has risen in the United States and in other parts of the world.3-8 A more detailed analysis of these data reveals an increasing prevalence of kidney Impact of urine sodium on urine risk factors for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis J Urol. II. IDSA Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections: Version 2.0. The formation and passage of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), if occurring during space flight, have the potential to impact crewmember health and mission success. J Urol. by guideline, but all endorse increasing fluid intake to reduce the risk of recurrence. The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense guidelines are based upon the best information available at the time of publication. 2. Introduction. A. 173(6):1991-2000. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are widely used for the management of hypercalciuria among stone-forming patients. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a common condition, typically affecting adult men more commonly than adult women, although this difference is narrowing. – Many calculi do not cause symptoms; they may be found incidentally through radiology exams. 2014;1:CD007470.34. 2016 Mar;11(3):488-496. Recommendations. Ann Intern Med . During the 8 years of follow-up, 960 men reported a … To our knowledge no national or universal guidelines exist for the acute management of stone disease in the ED. Stones form from crystals that precipitate (separate) out of the urine. Changing Trends in the Treatment of Nephrolithiasis in the Real World Kyung Jin Chung, MD, PhD,1,2 Jae Heon Kim, MD, PhD,1 Gyeong Eun Min, MD, PhD,1 Hyoung Keun Park, MD, PhD,1 Shufeng Li, MS,1,3 Francesco Del Giudice, MD,4 Deok Hyun Han, MD, PhD,1,5 and Benjamin I. Chung, MD1 Abstract Triages clients into priority groups using appropriate guidelines. Introduction. The Guidelines may also be used by the health plan or by AIM for purposes of provider education, or to review This guideline includes recommendations on: diagnostic imaging; managing pain; medical expulsive therapy Stone formation may occur when the urinary concentration of crystal-forming … [Guideline] Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Lingeman JE, Nakada SY, Pearle MS, Wolf JS Jr. Chapter 1: AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Urolithiasis is a condition that occurs when these stones exit the renal pelvis and move into the remainder of the urinary collecting system, which includes the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Patients with the following conditions are included: 1. Nephrolithiasis is common and is often treated by urologist and non-urologists alike. Nephrolithiasis is the most common non-obstetric indication for hospital admission in obstetric patients . The incidence of kidney stones in developed countries has demonstrated a significant rise of 4–10% per year in large population-based observational studies [1, 2].A cohort study of children and adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012 showed that this increasing incidence was seen across all age categories and genders [].However, a retrospective analysis … This guideline should not replace clinical judgment. … Clinician Summary . If requested by a health plan, AIM will review requests based on health plan medical policy/guidelines in lieu of AIM’s Guidelines. Astaxanthin is seen to exert a protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues in ethylene glycol treated rats by improving the liver function, restoring the activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, decreasing the albumin creatinine ratios and calcium levels and maintaining the organ to body weight ratio. According to AUA guidelines, clinicians should offer potassium . Documents the assessment. Kidney stones correlate with an increased risk of chronic kidney … Disclosures None . 2. Corresponding author. 2005 Jun. The EAU Urolithiasis Guidelines were first published in 2000. nephrolithiasis.1–3 Renal colic is one of the most frequent and expensive emergency department (ED) presentations. Hyper calcuric patients in conjunction with thiazides. Pain can be severe and typically causes nausea and vomiting. provide guidelines for additional studies if there is a change in the child’s course [1]. Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract Dietary factors play an important role in nephrolithiasis. Many people around the globe suffer from this disease and there is The prognosis is generally good as most cases of kidney stone spontaneously pass through the urine. Morbidity of kidney stones are those associated with urinary tract obstruction and upper urinary tract infection. The symptoms of Nephrolithiasis usually occur when the stones move within the kidney and passes through the ureter. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones, urolithiasis) is the formation of stone-like concretions in the urinary system caused by the precipitation of calcium, phosphate, urate, and other molecules. 3. Nephrolithiasis: AUA guidelines 2014 . Yet, few randomized clinical trials or high quality observational studies have assessed whether clinical interventions decrease the recurrence of kidney stones. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis, as assessed either by clinical history or ultrasonography, is depicted in Table 2 and Table 3.Thirty (24.4%) patients had detectable nephrolithiasis on ultrasonography, and 20 (16.3%) reported a positive history of kidney stones, resulting in a total of 43 (35.0%) patients with nephrolithiasis (detected by either … Download. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Adult Filipinos. This 2016 document presents a limited update of the 2015 publication of the EAU Urolithiasis Guidelines. 173(6):1991-2000. 5%-10% of visits to the ED for nephrolithiasis were return visits[19]. Pediatrics. Nephrolithiasis Sarah Yttri, NP Duke University . 3 This may be due to a genetic predisposition as well as similar environmental factors, including diet. Use of some antiretroviral (ARV) drugs may cause nephrolithiasis. Dietary and pharmacologic management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians. 2000 Nov. 27(4):617 … 2. This guideline applies to all paediatric patients in the region with confirmed or suspected renal stones or nephrocalcinosis. Renal calculi. Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, is the most common condition affecting the urinary system, affecting about 12% of the world population, with a yearly incidence of 600,000 in America. Introduction Urinary calculi disease or kidney stones is a pathological condition (-iasis) in which stones (lith-) are formed in the kidneys (Nephro-); hence the name Nephrolithiasis. The overall purpose was ostensibly to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on the comparative effectiveness and safety of preventive dietary and pharmacologic management of recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults. eisnerbh@urology.ucsf.edu , eisnerbh@urology.ucsf.edu Percutaneous management. The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide with significant health and economic burden. Nephrolithiasis • Sarcoidosis • ... 3 UMHS Osteoporosis Guideline, December 2011 . Keywords: Antiurolithiatic, Ethylene Glycol, Nitrituria, Proteinuria, Nephrolithiasis 1. Department of Defense . Tamsulosin and spontaneous passage of ureteral stones in children: a multi-institutional cohort study. DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2019-0148 Abstract. Exclusion: Prostatitis and acute pyelonephritis complicated by an abscess or nephrolithiasis is outside of the scope of this guideline. INTRODUCTION. In recent years, we have learned that nephrolithiasis is not simply an isolated urologic disease, but instead a disorder with systemic complications, including an increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Multiple risk factors … Tamara da Silva Cunha, Samirah Abreu Gomes, Ita Pfeferman Heilberg. Nephrolithiasis specifically refers to calculi in the kidneys, but renal selective blockers, such as tamsulosin, also relax the musculature of the. Prevent Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians (2014) Clinical Practice Guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on the comparative effectiveness and safety of preventive dietary and pharmacologic management of recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults. Prevalence ... AUA Guidelines • High risk or interested first-time stone formers and recurrent stone formers • One or two 24-hour urine collections Guideline. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a common condition, typically affecting adult men more commonly than adult women, although this difference is narrowing. Evaluation and medical management of kidney stones in children. 2015;43(4):823–829.28. Although more research is needed to Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012. Patients typically present with acute renal colic, although some patients are asymptomatic. Use of and regional variation in initial CT imaging for kidney stones. J Urol. Diagnosis, Empiric Management and Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Adults. Most stones ≤ 5mm will pass spontaneously. Hypo citraturic nephrolithiasis of any etiology. It aims to improve the detection, clearance and prevention of stones, so reducing pain and anxiety, and improving quality of life. About 40% of patients tend to have hypercalciuria, a risk factor for renal stone formation. A complete collection of all EAU guidelines, in a single volume, can be downloaded using the link below. n engl j med 371;12 nejm.orgseptember 18, 2014 1101 ultrasonography vs. ct for suspected nephrolithiasis P ain from nephrolithiasis is a com-mon reason for emergency department visits Urol Clin North Am. The frequency of KSD is rapidly increasing and about 12% of the Indian population are suffering from this disease. 2000 Nov. 27(4):617 … Patients typically present with acute renal colic, although some patients are asymptomatic. On average, 1 in 11 Americans will develop kidney stones at least once in their lifetime.1 By race and sex, white men have the high-est incidence of nephrolithiasis and Asian women have the lowest. Renal calculi. 3308.mp3. scan after the clinical picture and urinalysis show evidence of nephrolithiasis. 3. No symptoms or current problems. +49 703 19812501; Fax: +49 703 1815307. Patients typically present with acute renal colic, although some patients are asymptomatic. The EAU produces evidence-based guidelines for the management of both benign and malignant urological conditions. Table 6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. World renowned for improving the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease, these guidelines have changed the practices of healthcare professionals and improved thousands of lives. Therefore, it is mandatory for every nephrologist to be able to … Introduction and Aims: Theophanes Nonnus (or Chrysobalantes) was a Byzantine physician who lived in the 10th century AD, during the middle Byzantine period. Urolithiasis, also known as the formation of urinary stones, is a health problem that affects nearly all populations worldwide; it causes severe acute back pain and occasionally leads to more severe complications, such as pyelonephritis or acute renal failure. Help us identify future controversies topics by completing the below poll. Many patients with urolithiasis can be managed with expectant management, analgesic, and anti … III. Background and Objectives for the Systematic Review Definition of Nephrolithiasis Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a condition in which individuals form calculi (stones) within the renal pelvis and tubular lumens. Published guidelines suggest that daily water intake should be high enough to achieve at least 2.5 L of urine volume in order to prevent kidney stones. This article provides an approach to the evaluation and management of hematuria in a child [2,3]. PDF | Introduction: The management of nephrolithiasis during pregnancy can be stressful for urologists due to concerns for investigations and treatments... | … 1.4 Definitions Nephrolithiasis- Kidney stones 2014;16:659-667. Symptoms of nephrolithiasis RN bedside duties Patient assessment/history and physical For questions concerning this guideline, contact: chorclinicalguidelines@vcuhealth.org (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi) or Renal Colic . In this scenario, we studied the incidence and age group stratification of KSD in the eastern part of India. Epub 2009 Sep 16. While the AUA and EAU currently have guidelines for the evaluation and management of nephrolithiasis, these are directed at urologists. The ACP CPG on Nephrolithiasis. citrate therapy to patients with recurrent calcium stones and low or relatively low urinary citrate [26]. Being guidelines (and not protocols), they are advisory rather than proscriptive. Multiple risk … Once the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis is made, pain control can be achieved with NSAIDs and/or opiates. VA/DoD CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN . All Classes : Updated 4/27/16 . Percutaneous management. Prevalence, Sex, and Geography In the United States, up to 16% of men and 8% of women will have 1 or more symptomatic stones by the age of 70 years. Methods: The primary source of evidence for this guideline was the systematic review and data extraction conducted as part of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Comparative Effectiveness Review titled Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness of Preventative Medical Strategies (2012). Symptoms can worsen as the calcium level increases. risk factors for nephrolithiasis from epidemiologic studies, high-quality collaborative reviews, and meta-analyses. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2019, for … Pranita D. Tamma*, Samuel L. Aitken, Robert A. Bonomo, Amy J. 1. 2005 Jun. Many tests have been recommended for the child with hematuria, but no consensus exists on a stepwise evaluation. EAU Guidelines on Diagnosis and Conservative Management of Urolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis is a standout amongst the most widely recognized urinary tract diseases. Nephrolithiasis treatment guidelines. Nephrolithiasis, as in this case, occurs in approximately 15-20% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism [1]. Epub 2015 Sep 4. Percutaneous management. It is estimated to occur in 1:200 to 1:1,500 pregnancies and can cause complications for the fetus and the mother including: pre-term labor, premature delivery, infectious complications, loss of kidney, or even loss of the fetus (1–3). Urol Clin North Am. 2014 Aug;192(2):316-24. Newer research is finding that stones are associated with several serious morbidities. This guideline is intended for VA and DoD primary care practitioners, including physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners, as well as nurses, pharmacists, NKF KDOQI clinical practice guidelines. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Obstructive Nephrolithiasis in Pregnant Woman Colby Rozean 10/16/2019 RAD 4001 Reviewed by: Dr. Pritish Bawa Criteria used by KDIGO for topic prioritization include the burden of illness based on prevalence and scope of the condition or clinical problem; amenability of a particular condition to prevention or treatment and expected impact; existence of a body of evidence of sufficient breadth and depth to enable the development of evidence-based guidelines; potential of guidelines to reduce … vey, the prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the United States was 10.6% in men and 7.1% in women. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 1. On average, 1 in 11 Americans will develop kidney stones at least once in their lifetime. 2014 HSP Consensus Statements on the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Download. 1. Nephrolithiasis 5% 5-11% Infection 1.7-4% 33% BPH 3-13% 13% Intrinsic Renal 2-11% - No Diagnosis 43-57% 8-21% Sutton, JAMA, 263:2475, 1990; Boman, Scand J Urol Neph, 2001; Murakami, J Urol, 144:49, 1990, Sultana, Br J Urol, 78:691,1996 Approach to Patients with Asymptomatic Non-Glomerular Hematuria Image Upper Tract Helical CT (MRI?
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